各種常見材料的聲速
Acoustical Properties Of Common Materials常見材料的聲學性能 | |||||
Material 材料 | Ultrasonic Velocity波速/聲速 | ||||
Longitudinal縱波 | Transverse (Shear)橫波 | Impedance 聲阻抗 | |||
in / us | mm / us | in / us | mm / us | Z | |
METALS金屬 | |||||
Aluminum鋁 1100-0 | 0.248 | 6.229 | 0.121 | 3.073 | 17.1 |
Aluminum鋁 2024-T4 | 0.251 | 6.375 | 0.124 | 3.150 | 17.6 |
Aluminum鋁 6061-T6 | 0.248 | 6.299 | 0.124 | 3.150 | 17.0 |
Beryllium鈹 | 0.507 | 12.878 | 0.350 | 8.890 | 23.5 |
Brass黃銅 (70% Cu - 30% Zn | 0.172 | 4.369 | 0.083 | 2.108 | 37.1 |
Bronze青銅 (Phosphor磷光體 5%) | 0.139 | 3.531 | 0.088 | 2.235 | 31.3 |
Copper銅 (CP) | 0.187 | 4.750 | 0.092 | 2.337 | 42.5 |
Gold金 | 0.128 | 3.251 | 0.047 | 1.194 | 62.6 |
Hastelloy C 哈斯特洛伊耐蝕鎳基合金 | 0.230 | 5.842 | 0.114 | 2.896 | 52.2 |
Hastelloy X 哈斯特洛伊耐蝕鎳基合金 | 0.228 | 5.791 | 0.108 | 2.743 | 47.7 |
Inconel (Wrought) 因科內(nèi)爾鉻鎳鐵合金（鍛造） | 0.308 | 7.823 | 0.119 | 3.023 | 64.5 |
Iron (Cast), Various Alloys 鐵（鑄件），各種合金 | 0.138-0.220 | 3.505-5.588 | 0.087-0.126 | 2.210-3.200 | 24.3-41.2 |
Lead (94Pb-6Sb)鉛 | 0.085 | 2.159 | 0.032 | 0.813 | 23.5 |
Magnesium, Various Alloys 鎂，各種合金 | 0.215-0.228 | 5.461-5.791 | 0.119-0.122 | 3.023-3.099 | 9.24-10.6 |
Monel蒙乃爾銅-鎳合金 | 0.211 | 5.359 | 0.107 | 2.718 | 47.2 |
Nickel (CP)鎳 | 0.222 | 5.639 | 0.117 | 2.972 | 50.0 |
Silver (0.99 Fine)銀 | 0.142 | 3.607 | 0.063 | 1.600 | 37.8 |
Steel 1020鋼 | 0.232 | 5.893 | 0.128 | 3.251 | 45.4 |
Steel 4340鋼 | 0.230 | 5.842 | 0.128 | 3.251 | 45.6 |
Steel , CRES 300 Series 鋼，耐蝕鋼300系列 | 0.221-0.226 | 5.613-5.740 | 0.120-.0123 | 3.048-3.124 | 44.6-45.4 |
Steel , CRES 400 Series 鋼，耐蝕鋼400系列 | 0.212-0.237 | 5.385-6.020 | 0.118-0.132 | 2.997-3.353 | 41.3-46.3 |
Titanium, 6AI-4V鈦 | 0.243 | 6.172 | 0.130 | 3.302 | 27.3 |
Zircaloy鋯合金 | 0.186 | 4.724 | 0.093 | 2.362 | 44.2 |
Zirconium鋯 | 0.183 | 4.648 | 0.089 | 2.261 | 30.1 |
POLYMERS聚合物 | |||||
Acrylics丙烯酸樹脂 | 0.105-0.109 | 2.667-2.769 | 0.044-0.057 | 1.118-1.448 | 3.15-3.51 |
Cellulose Acetate醋酸纖維素 | 0.096 | 2.438 | No Shear Component沒有橫波分量 | 3.19 | |
Nylon尼龍 | 0.016 | 2.692 | No Shear Component沒有橫波分量 | ------------- | |
Phenolic酚醛樹脂 | 0.056 | 1.422 | No Shear Component沒有橫波分量 | 1.90 | |
Polycarbonate聚碳酸酯 | 0.090 | 2.286 | No Shear Component沒有橫波分量 | 2.71 | |
Polyethylene聚乙烯 | 0.105 | 2.667 | No Shear Component沒有橫波分量 | 2.94 | |
Polystyrene聚苯乙烯 | 0.094 | 2.388 | 0.045 | 1.143 | 2.52 |
Rubber (Natural) 橡膠（天然） | 0.061 | 1.549 | No Shear Component沒有橫波分量 | 1.74 | |
Rubber (Carbon Filter)橡膠（碳過濾） | 0.066 | 1.676 | No Shear Component沒有橫波分量 | ------------- | |
Rubber (Silicone)橡膠（硅樹脂） | 0.037 | 0.94 | No Shear Component沒有橫波分量 | 1.40 | |
Teflon聚四氟乙烯 | 0.054 | 1.372 | 0.250 | 6.35 | 3.00 |
MISCELLANEOUS SOLIDS各種固體 | |||||
Alumina (Al2O3)鋁土 | 0.427 | 10.846 | No Shear Component沒有橫波分量 | 43.1 | |
Concrete混凝土 | 0.167-0.207 | 4.242-5.258 | 0.135 | 3.429 | 12.4 |
Glass (Plate)玻璃（平板） | 0.227 | 5.766 | No Shear Component沒有橫波分量 | 14.5 | |
Granite花崗巖 | 0.156 | 3.962 | 0.076 | 1.93 | 10.9 |
Ice ( -16C)冰 | 0.150 | 3.81 | No Shear Component沒有橫波分量 | 3.60 | |
Quartz, Natural水晶，天然 | 0.226 | 5.74 | 0.139 | 3.531 | 15.2 |
Quartz, Fused水晶，熔化 | 0.219 | 5.563 | 0.302 | 7.671 | 14.5 |
Sapphire藍寶石 | 0.469 | 11.913 | 0.157 | 3.988 | 47.2 |
Tungsten Carbide碳化鎢 | 0.262 | 6.655 | No Shear Component沒有橫波分量 | 67.6 | |
COMPOSITE MATERIALS復合材料 | |||||
Fiberglass (50 v/o)玻璃纖維 | 0.124 | 3.15 | 0.068 | 1.727 | 6.04 |
Graphite/Epoxy (60 v/o)石墨/環(huán)氧樹脂 | 0.117 | 2.972 | 0.077 | 1.956 | 4.65 |
Boron/Epoxy (50v/o)硼/環(huán)氧樹脂 | 0.131 | 3.327 | 0.072 | 1.829 | 6.38 |
LIQUIDS液體 | |||||
Ethylene Glyco乙二醇 | 0.064 | 1.626 | No Shear Component沒有橫波分量 | 1.80 | |
Glycerin甘油 | 0.076 | 1.93 | No Shear Component沒有橫波分量 | 2.42 | |
Oil (SAE 20)油 | 0.069 | 1.753 | No Shear Component沒有橫波分量 | 1.51 | |
Water (20C)水 | 0.058 | 1.473 | No Shear Component沒有橫波分量 | 1.48 | |
Gases氣體 | |||||
Air (20ºC)空氣 | 0.014 | 0.356 | No Shear Component沒有橫波分量 | 0.00041 | |
Nitrogen (20ºC)氮 | 0.014 | 0.356 | No Shear Component沒有橫波分量 | 0.00041 | |
Oxygen (20ºC)氧 | 0.013 | 0.33 | No Shear Component沒有橫波分量 | 0.00043 | |